Human athletic performance is a multifactorial phenotype shaped by the interplay of environmental influences and genetic variation, with most exercise-associated traits exhibiting a polygenic inheritance pattern. Sports genetic testing is a form of analysis that examines specific genetic variants associated with athletic performance, physiological adaptation, recovery capacity, and susceptibility to sports-related injuries. By identifying polymorphisms in genes linked to traits such as muscle fiber composition, aerobic capacity, gender and inflammatory response, this testing provides evidence-based insights into an individual’s inherent athletic potential.